Due to availability the ASTM 4340 grade steel is often substituted with European based standards 817M40/EN24 and 1.6511/36CrNiMo4 or Japan based SNCM439 steel. You have the detailed data of 4340 steel below.
1. AISI Alloy 4340 Steel Supply Range
4340 Steel Round Bar: diameter 8mm – 3000mm
4340 Steel Plate: thickness 10mm – 1500mm x width 200mm – 3000mm
4340 Steel Grade Square: 20mm – 500mm
Surface Finish: Black, Rough Machined, Turned or as per given requirements.
2. AISI 4340 Steel Specification and Relevant Standards
| Country | USA | Britain | Britain | Japan |
| Standard | ASTM A29 | EN 10250 | BS 970 | JIS G4103 |
| Grades | 4340 | 36CrNiMo4/ 1.6511 |
EN24/817M40 | SNCM 439/SNCM8 |
3. ASTM 4340 Steels And Equilvalents Chemical Composition
| Standard | Grade | C | Mn | P | S | Si | Ni | Cr | Mo |
| ASTM A29 | 4340 | 0.38-0.43 | 0.60-0.80 | 0.035 | 0.040 | 0.15-0.35 | 1.65-2.00 | 0.70-0.90 | 0.20-0.30 |
| EN 10250 | 36CrNiMo4/ 1.6511 |
0.32-0.40 | 0.50-0.80 | 0.035 | 0.035 | ≦0.40 | 0.90-1.20 | 0.90-1.2 | 0.15-0.30 |
| BS 970 | EN24/817M40 | 0.36-0.44 | 0.45-0.70 | 0.035 | 0.040 | 0.1-0.40 | 1.3-1.7 | 1.00-1.40 | 0.20-0.35 |
| JIS G4103 | SNCM 439/SNCM8 | 0.36-0.43 | 0.60-0.90 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 0.15-0.35 | 1.60-2.00 | 0.60-1.00 | 0.15-0.30 |
4. AISI Alloy 4340 Steel Mechanical Properties
| Mechanical Properties (Heat Treated Condition ) |
Condition | Ruling section mm |
Tensile Strength MPa | Yield Strength MPa |
Elong. % |
Izod Impact J |
Brinell Hardness |
| T | 250 | 850-1000 | 635 | 13 | 40 | 248-302 | |
| T | 150 | 850-1000 | 665 | 13 | 54 | 248-302 | |
| U | 100 | 930-1080 | 740 | 12 | 47 | 269-331 | |
| V | 63 | 1000-1150 | 835 | 12 | 47 | 293-352 | |
| W | 30 | 1080-1230 | 925 | 11 | 41 | 311-375 | |
| X | 30 | 1150-1300 | 1005 | 10 | 34 | 341-401 | |
| Y | 30 | 1230-1380 | 1080 | 10 | 24 | 363-429 | |
| Z | 30 | 1555- | 1125 | 5 | 10 | 444- | |
Thermal Properties
| Properties | Metric | Imperial |
| Thermal expansion co-efficient (20°C/68°F, specimen oil hardened, 600°C (1110°F) temper | 12.3 µm/m°C | 6.83 µin/in°F |
| Thermal conductivity (typical steel) | 44.5 W/mK | 309 BTU in/hr.ft².°F |
5. Forging of 4340 Alloy Steel
Preheat the steel 4340 first, heat up to 1150°C – 1200°C maximum for forging, hold until temperature is uniform throughout the section.
Do not forge below 850 °C. 4340 has good forging characteristics but care must be taken when cooling as the steel shows susceptibility to cracking. Following forging operation the work piece should be cooled as slowly as possible. And cooling in in sand or dry lime is recommended etc.
6. AISI 4340 Steel Grade Heat Treatment
- Stress Relieving
For pre-hardened steel stress relieving is achieved by heating steel 4340 to between 500 to 550°C. Heat to 600 °C – 650 °C, hold until temperature is uniform throughout the section, soak for 1 hour per 25 mm section, and cool in still air.
- Annealing
A full anneal may be done at 844°C (1550 F) followed by controlled (furnace) cooling at a rate not faster than 10°C (50 F) per hour down to 315°C (600 F). From 315°C 600 F it may be air cooled.
- Tempering
AISI 4340 alloy steel should be in the heat treated or normalized and heat treated condition before tempering. The tempering temperature for depends upon the strength level desired. For strength levels in the 260 – 280 ksi range temper at 232°C (450 F). For strength in the 125 – 200 ksi range temper at 510°C (950 F). And don’t temper the 4340 steels if it is in the 220 – 260 ksi strength range as tempering can result in degradation of impact resistance for this level of strength.
Tempering should be avoided if possible within the range 250 °C – 450 °C due to temper brittleness.
- Flame or Induction Hardening
As mentioned above, pre-hardened and tempered 4340 steel bars or plates can be further surface hardened by either the flame or induction hardening methods resulting in a case hardness in excess of Rc 50. AISI 4340 steel parts should be heated as quickly as possible to the austenitic temperature range (830 °C – 860 °C) and required case depth followed by an immediate oil or water quenching, depending upon hardness required, workpiece size/shape and quenching arrangements.
Following quenching to hand warm, tempering at 150°C – 200°C will reduce stresses in the case with minimal effect on its hardness.
All de-carburised surface material must first be removed to ensure best results.
- Nitriding
Hardened and tempered 4340 alloy steel can also be nitrided, giving a surface hardness of up to Rc 60. Heat to 500°C – 530°C and hold for sufficient time (from 10 to 60 hours) to develop the depth of case. Nitriding should be followed by slow cooling (no quench) reducing the problem of distortion. The nitrided grade 4340 materials can therefore be machined to near final size, leaving a small grinding allowance only. The tensile strength of the 4340 steel material core is usually not affected since the nitriding temperature range is generally below the original tempering temperature employed.
Surface hardness achievable is 600 to 650HV.
7. Machinability
Machining is best done with the alloy steel 4340 in the annealed or normalized and tempered condition. It can be readily machined by all conventional methods such as sawing, turning, drilling etc. However in the high strength conditions of 200 ksi or greater the machinability is only from 25% to 10% that of the alloy in the annealed condition.
8. Welding
Welding of steel 4340 in the hardened and tempered condition (as normally supplied), is not recommended and should be avoided if at all possible, because of the danger of quench cracking, as the mechanical properties will be altered within the weld heat affected zone.
If welding must be carried out, pre-heat to 200 to 300°C and maintain this while welding. Immediately after welding stress relieve at 550 to 650°C, prior to hardening and tempering.
If welding in the hardened and tempered condition is really necessary, then the work piece, immediately on cooling to hand warm, should be if possible stress relieved at 15 °C below the original tempering temperature.
9. Application of 4340 Steel
AISI 4340 steel is used in most industry sectors for applications requiring higher tensile/yield strength than 4140 steel can provide.
Some typical applications such as:
- Aircraft Landing Gear
- Automotive,
- Oil and Gas Drilling,
- Forging,
- Warm and Cold Forming,
- Machine Building,
- Transfer Systems, like power transmission gears and shafts.
- General engineering industries and structural use applications, such as: heavy duty shafts, gears, axles, spindles, couplings, pins, chucks, molds etc.
We are one of leading supplier of AISI 4340 steel for your different application as above. And we supply 4140 steel, 4130 steels as well. Contact me and let me know your requests anytime.
